Results
Q1. In a successive visual approach, what instruction is given if the pilot reports the preceding aircraft in sight?
- Points to Remember – ATC issues the instruction MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION FROM PRECEDING aircraft type
- – The pilot becomes responsible for keeping a safe distance once the preceding aircraft is in sight
- – This procedure transitions separation responsibility from the controller to the pilot during a visual approach
Q2. What information must IFR departure pilots include on initial contact with the first en-route ATS unit?
- Points to Remember – Identify yourself using your call sign
- – State the specific departure route or SID you are following
- – Report your current altitude or passing level
- – Communicate your cleared initial climb level
Q3. What phraseology is used to clear an aircraft to proceed direct to a waypoint while keeping the expectation to rejoin the SID?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase CLEARED DIRECT [waypoint], EXPECT TO REJOIN SID
- – This instruction directs the pilot to fly straight to a specific point
- – It informs the pilot to prepare to return to the standard departure route later
- – This acts as a shortcut before merging back onto the main departure path
Q4. In a detailed holding clearance, what information specifies the lateral limits of the holding pattern?
- Points to Remember – The inbound track toward the fix defines the alignment
- – The direction of turn (right or left) determines the side of the track used
- – The length or distance of the outbound leg sets the pattern’s extent
Q5. A Standard Terminal Arrival Route STAR is described as comprising two main elements. What are they?
- Points to Remember – A STAR consists of a Transition Route and an Arrival Route
- – The Transition Route connects the en-route phase from the airway to the arrival procedure
- – The Arrival Route leads from the transition into the approach phase
- – It functions similarly to an exit ramp transitioning onto a local road
Q6. What element substitutes for Time of leg in the holding information order when issuing a VOR/DME holding clearance?
- Points to Remember – Distance replaces time in a VOR/DME holding clearance
- – ATC specifies an outbound DME distance instead of a time limit
- – DME provides exact distance information for higher precision
- – Using DME is more accurate than timing legs with a stopwatch
Q7. During a VDF procedure, requests for QDMs are normally initiated by the pilot at intervals of about 1 minute during the initial stages of homing, and what happens to the frequency as the VDF overhead is approached?
- Points to Remember – Request frequency for QDMs increases as the station is approached
- – Smaller heading errors become more critical when closer to the destination
- – Frequent updates are necessary to maintain accuracy during the final stages of homing
- – Initial requests are typically made at one-minute intervals when far from the station
Q8. If an SRA terminates at less than 2 miles from touchdown, at what intervals are the distance and advisory altitude checks given?
- Points to Remember – SRA updates occur every half mile when the distance to touchdown is less than 2 miles
- – Increased frequency provides more precise guidance as the aircraft gets closer to the ground
- – Advisory altitude and distance checks become more frequent to ensure a safe landing profile
Q9. For an aircraft to be eligible to fly an RNAV GNSS Standard Instrument Departure SID, what must its navigation system meet?
- Points to Remember – Navigation systems must be accurate to within 1 nautical mile (RNAV-1) for SID operations
- – High precision is required for SIDs due to proximity to the airport and other air traffic
- – RNAV-5 is intended for en-route navigation with 5 nautical mile accuracy
- – RNAV-10 is used for oceanic navigation and does not provide sufficient precision for departures
Q10. The basic designator for ATS routes consists of one letter followed by a number from:
- Points to Remember – ATS route designators consist of one letter followed by a number
- – The numerical range used for these routes is 1 to 999
- – The letter indicates the type of route while the number identifies the specific path
Q11. What phraseology is used to assign an arrival clearance limit?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase Cleared To followed by the destination name
- – Add the word Airport immediately after the destination name if the limit is an airport
- – Specify the type of fix if the limit is a Navaid, intersection, or waypoint
- – Include the route of flight, such as a STAR or RNAV STAR, as part of the clearance instructions
Q12. Which Q-code stands for the Magnetic heading to be steered by the aircraft to reach the station?
- Points to Remember – QDM represents the magnetic heading to be steered to reach a station
- – It is commonly used for homing an aircraft toward a specific station
- – You can remember it as Q Direction Magnetic (TO the station)
Q13. What is the phraseology when a delay is not expected for an arrival?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase NO DELAY EXPECTED
- – Indicates that no holding is required before landing
- – Signal from ATC that an immediate approach is available
Q14. Which instruction directs an aircraft to maintain the runway’s heading after departure?
- Points to Remember – Maintain the same direction as the runway after takeoff
- – Fly straight without turning
- – Continue on the heading used during liftoff
Q15. What is the immediate and mandatory action for a pilot upon receiving a RAIM alert during an approach?
- Points to Remember – A RAIM alert indicates the GPS cannot guarantee required navigation accuracy
- – Pilots must immediately discontinue the approach
- – Continued landing is prohibited when the exact position cannot be verified
Q16. What is the key phrase regarding safety checks at the start of an SRA service?
- Points to Remember – CHECK YOUR MINIMA is the essential safety reminder beginning an SRA
- – Pilots must know their minimum descent altitude as the lowest permissible level
- – A go-around is required if the runway is not visible by that altitude
- – This altitude serves as a critical safety floor during the approach
Q17. What is the phraseology for a visual hold?
- Points to Remember – Visual holding involves following a pattern by looking outside without needing navigation instruments
- – ATC phraseology for this is HOLD VISUAL [OVER] a specific position or BETWEEN two landmarks
- – Pilots use visual references like lakes or highways to maintain the pattern
- – The maneuver is similar to circling over a visible landmark
Q18. What is the purpose of the Initial climb level provided on initial contact for IFR departures?
- Points to Remember – It is the first altitude where a pilot stops climbing and maintains level flight
- – It acts as a temporary ceiling until further clearance is received from ATC
- – Pilots must remain at this level unless specifically instructed otherwise by ATC
Q19. Clearance to execute a visual approach shall only be issued provided the aircraft can maintain visual reference to terrain and has:
- Points to Remember – The pilot must be able to see the runway
- – Maintaining visual reference to the terrain is a basic requirement
- – Seeing the landing area is essential to execute a visual approach
Q20. What is the phraseology to request if a pilot is able to accept a visual approach?
- Points to Remember – Standard phraseology is ADVISE ABLE TO ACCEPT VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY [number]
- – ATC uses this phrase to check if the pilot can see the runway
- – The query confirms if the pilot is comfortable landing visually
Q21. During a Precision Radar Approach PAR, who is primarily responsible for tracking the aircraft’s deviation?
- Points to Remember – The controller is primarily responsible for tracking the aircraft’s deviations from the correct path
- – Radar is used by the controller to monitor if the pilot is above, below, left, or right of the glide path
- – The pilot’s role is to follow the specific verbal instructions provided by the controller
Q22. What is the phraseology used by a pilot to ask for holding instructions?
- Points to Remember – Use the standard phrase: REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS
- – Keep the communication professional and concise
- – Ask Air Traffic Control (ATC) for specific details on where and how to hold
Q23. Which letter prefix is used to designate a Helicopter route?
- Points to Remember – The letter prefix K is used to designate routes specifically for helicopters
- – Helicopter routes are identified by this prefix on route designators
- – You can remember K stands for Kopter to associate it with helicopters
Q24. What is the primary purpose of vectoring for approach?
- Points to Remember – ATC provides specific headings to guide the aircraft onto the final approach path
- – Vectors are used to help the pilot intercept approach aids like ILS or VOR
- – The process serves as guidance to the starting line of the final approach to the runway
Q25. Which of the following is an Approach Control service?
- Points to Remember – Precision Radar Approach (PAR) is a service where controllers guide pilots to the runway using precise radar
- – Oceanic Control provides services for aircraft flying over ocean regions
- – ATIS is an automated information broadcast service, not an approach service
Q26. What is the primary role of the Air Traffic Controller regarding known GNSS interference, as per the protocol?
- Points to Remember – Inform pilots about the interference with as much detail as possible
- – Provide information to allow pilots to make informed decisions
- – Do not automatically cancel approaches or vector aircraft away
Q27. Which letter prefix is used to designate a Route in Upper airspace?
- Points to Remember – The letter prefix U is used to designate routes in upper airspace
- – Examples include route identifiers such as UA1 or UB534
- – This prefix indicates the route is located above a specific flight level
- – U stands for Upper, making it easy to identify and remember
Q28. When the SRA is terminated because the pilot reports runway in sight, what is the condition for termination?
- Points to Remember – Terminate the SRA when there is reasonable assurance of a successful landing
- – Ensure the pilot has the runway in sight
- – Verify that conditions are favorable for landing
- – Confirm a reasonable expectation of safety without requiring absolute certainty
Q29. At busier airports, how may departures and arrivals be handled?
- Points to Remember – Busy airports manage high traffic volumes by splitting arrival and departure duties
- – Workload is divided between multiple controllers to ensure safety and efficiency
- – One controller focuses on departing aircraft while another manages landing traffic
Q30. What phraseology is used to clear an approach that is followed by a circling maneuver?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase Cleared type Runway number followed by circling to Runway number
- – This clears an instrument approach to one runway and a circling maneuver to another
- – The phraseology clearly outlines the full plan from approach to landing
Q31. In a PAR approach, what is the initial call given to an aircraft after the approach is approved?
- Points to Remember – The first request from ATC after a PAR approach is approved is to report heading and altitude
- – This information allows the controller to identify the aircraft’s exact position and orientation
- – Accurate reporting is essential before the controller begins providing guidance for the approach
Q32. What phraseology is used to instruct a pilot to maintain altitude until a certain point of the approach?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase MAINTAIN altitude UNTIL GLIDE PATH INTERCEPTION
- – Stay at the current altitude until the glide path is captured
- – Follow the descending beam down to the runway after interception
Q33. In the SRA 3 deg Glide Path at 4 miles from touchdown, what is the advisory height?
- Points to Remember – The advisory height at 4 miles from touchdown on a standard 3-degree glide path is 1250 feet
- – Each mile on a 3-degree path equates to approximately 300 to 310 feet of descent
- – Calculating the height (4 miles × ~310 feet) confirms the 1250-foot advisory level
Q34. What phraseology is used to issue a change to a previously given Expected Approach Time?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase REVISED EXPECTED APPROACH TIME to change a previously issued EAT
- – The term REVISED indicates that the earlier time is no longer valid
- – ATC must transmit a revised EAT if it differs from the previous one by 5 minutes or more
Q35. In the event of a GNSS failure, what specific information does the pilot provide to Air Traffic Control?
- Points to Remember – Notify ATC of the specific failure alert received
- – State the intended plan of action
- – Report the current position and altitude
- – Identify the procedure being followed at the time of failure
Q36. During an SRA that terminates at less than 2 miles from touchdown, and aircraft replies are not expected, how long is the maximum interval the controller’s transmissions should be interrupted once the aircraft is within 4 miles from touchdown?
- Points to Remember – Maintain continuous controller transmissions during the critical landing phase
- – Limit controller silence to no more than 5 seconds when within 4 miles of touchdown
- – Ensure the pilot receives steady guidance when aircraft replies are not expected during an SRA
Q37. Which set of letters designates RNAV routes that are part of the regional network?
- Points to Remember – Letters L, M, N, and P designate RNAV routes in the regional ATS network
- – RNAV stands for Area Navigation
- – These routes allow aircraft to fly direct paths using GPS and modern navigation systems
Q38. Which Q-code stands for the Magnetic bearing of the aircraft from the station?
- Points to Remember – QDR represents the magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft
- – QDM represents the magnetic heading to the station
- – Think of QDR as a radial shooting out from the station toward the aircraft position
Q39. To avoid confusion with ILS, an MLS approach is referred to as what in RTF communication?
- Points to Remember – MLS is referred to as Microwave Approach in radio communications
- – This specific terminology is used to prevent pilots from confusing MLS with ILS
- – The distinct naming ensures clarity and avoids communication errors during approach
Q40. How should ATC clear a pilot to descend on a STAR and cancel all published level and speed restrictions?
- Points to Remember – ATC cancels STAR altitude and speed restrictions by using the phrase DESCEND UNRESTRICTED TO (level)
- – Alternatively, they may use DESCEND TO (level), CANCEL LEVEL AND SPEED RESTRICTIONS
- – These instructions allow pilots to descend smoothly without adhering to individual step-down constraints or speed limits published on the arrival procedure
Q41. What must a pilot do immediately if the controller transmits, YOU HAVE CROSSED THE LOCALIZER?
- Points to Remember – Turn immediately to get back on the localizer
- – The localizer is the beam that guides the aircraft to the runway centerline
- – Crossing the localizer means the aircraft is off course and needs immediate correction
Q42. Which Q-code stands for the True heading to be steered by the aircraft to reach the station?
- Points to Remember – QUJ represents the true heading to be steered to reach the station
- – It is the true bearing equivalent of QDM, which uses magnetic heading
- – This code is specifically used for navigating toward a facility using true north as the reference
Q43. If an SRA procedure terminates at 2 miles from touchdown, at what intervals are the distance and advisory altitude checks normally passed?
- Points to Remember – Distance and advisory altitude checks are normally passed at each half mile
- – Frequent checks help pilots maintain precise awareness of position and altitude
- – Half-mile intervals ensure safer landings compared to one-mile intervals
Q44. Which Q-code stands for the True bearing of the aircraft from the station?
- Points to Remember – QTE represents the true bearing of the aircraft from the station
- – It is similar to QDR but referenced to true north instead of magnetic north
- – This code is primarily used for plotting accurate positions on charts
Q45. The services handled by Approach Control include:
- Points to Remember – Approach Control manages both IFR (instrument) and VFR (visual) departures and arrivals
- – These services are provided for traffic within the airport terminal area
- – Surface movements on the ground are handled by Ground Control rather than Approach Control
Q46. When is the phrase DELAY NOT DETERMINED used?
- Points to Remember – Used when ATC knows a delay will occur but the exact duration is unknown
- – Followed by the specific reason for the delay
- – Communicates that there is a wait without a specified time frame
Q47. During a Surveillance Radar Approach SRA, what does the controller provide to the pilot?
- Points to Remember – Distance from touchdown is provided by the controller
- – Advisory heights are suggested at specific distances
- – Precise glide path guidance is not provided
- – Suggested altitudes help ensure a safe descent
