Results
Q1. The phrase BACKTRACK APPROVED allows a pilot to:
- Points to Remember – Taxi on the runway in the opposite direction to normal traffic
- – Used to reach the takeoff position when no parallel taxiway is available
- – Requires explicit permission from Air Traffic Control
Q2. The 1977 Tenerife accident led to a major revision of RTF phraseology. Which key change was implemented?
- Points to Remember – Use the word Take-off only when issuing or cancelling an actual takeoff clearance
- – Prevent confusion caused by using the term casually during radio transmissions
- – Ensure pilots do not mistakenly assume they have permission to depart
- – Implement standardized RTF phraseology changes following the Tenerife runway collision
Q3. A pilot requests an instant wind report. This means they want:
- Points to Remember – Standard wind reports provide a two-minute average
- – An instant wind request provides a real-time reading at that specific moment
- – Real-time readings can differ significantly from averages, particularly during gusty conditions
Q4. What does the instruction ORBIT RIGHT mean for an aircraft in the circuit?
- Points to Remember – Perform a complete 360-degree circle turning to the right
- – Used to create necessary spacing between aircraft in the circuit
- – Results in the aircraft heading in the same direction as before
- – Functions as a maneuver to consume time and space within the traffic pattern
Q5. ATIS messages should be concise, lasting no more than:
- Points to Remember – ATIS messages should not exceed 30 seconds in duration
- – Brief messages allow pilots to listen quickly while multitasking
- – Excessive length can cause pilots to miss critical information
- – Short messages ensure the repeating loop remains efficient and clear
Q6. A meteorological condition for a visual approach is that the reported cloud ceiling must be at or above the:
- Points to Remember – Visual approaches require clouds to be high enough for the pilot to maintain sight during the initial approach
- – The cloud ceiling must be at or above the Initial Approach Segment level
- – Lower cloud ceilings require an instrument approach because visual reference cannot be maintained
Q7. The instruction ARE YOU READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE? implies that:
- Points to Remember – ATC identifies a specific gap in traffic for your departure
- – Accepting the clearance requires an immediate takeoff without delay
- – All final checks must be completed before answering yes
- – Pilots must be prepared to taxi onto the runway and take off immediately
Q8. After a pilot initiates a Go Around, the controller may request, when able, the:
- Points to Remember – ATC asks for the reason for a go-around to determine if there are issues with the aircraft, runway, or weather
- – This information helps controllers plan subsequent actions and decide if a runway inspection is necessary
- – Controllers wait until the pilot is able to respond to prioritize flight safety during the maneuver
Q9. A pilot reports FINAL. This typically means the aircraft is approximately how far from the runway?
- Points to Remember – Final indicates the aircraft is on the last part of the approach
- – This position is typically 4 nautical miles from the runway
- – Long Final indicates the aircraft is further out, usually at 8 nautical miles
- – The report informs ATC that the aircraft is lined up for landing
Q10. After vacating the runway and changing frequency, the pilot’s first call is to which unit?
- Points to Remember – Contact Ground Control after landing and vacating the runway
- – Ground Control manages all movements on taxiways and the apron area
- – Departure Control is responsible for aircraft that are taking off and climbing
- – Clearance Delivery is contacted for ATC clearance before starting engines
- – Ground personnel or controllers guide the aircraft from the runway to the parking spot
Q11. Unless otherwise instructed, a VFR aircraft initiating a Go Around is to continue into the:
- Points to Remember – Rejoin the normal traffic circuit after a go-around
- – Remain in the visual pattern for ATC observation
- – Allow ATC to sequence the aircraft for another approach attempt
Q12. A pilot is instructed to GO AROUND. The correct initial response is:
- Points to Remember – Respond with “GOING AROUND” to confirm the action is being performed
- – Use this as an action phrase rather than a simple acknowledgment
- – Inform ATC that the aircraft is climbing away and not landing
Q13. A pilot is instructed to EXPEDITE TAXI due to following traffic. The correct acknowledgment is:
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase EXPEDITING to acknowledge an instruction to expedite taxi
- – This response confirms to ATC that you understand the instruction
- – It indicates that you are actively increasing your taxi speed due to traffic or other requirements
Q14. Unless advised otherwise, pilots should remain on which frequency until the runway is fully vacated?
- Points to Remember – Stay on the Tower frequency until the runway is completely vacated
- – The Tower controller must confirm you are clear before allowing other aircraft to use the runway
- – Switch to the Ground frequency only after you have fully exited the runway
Q15. Which type of RVR Runway Visual Range) may be provided in ATIS where approved?
- Points to Remember – ATIS can include Instrumented Runway Visual Range (IRVR)
- – IRVR is measured by actual instruments near the runway rather than human observation
- – Instrumented readings are more accurate and reliable than human estimates
Q16. The phrase PUSH BACK AT OWN DISCRETION means:
- Points to Remember – The pilot has the authority to decide the exact time to begin the pushback
- – There is no requirement for a specific time or immediate action from air traffic control
- – The maneuver can be started whenever the pilot feels the aircraft and crew are ready
Q17. When instructed to CROSS RUNWAY 09, REPORT VACATED, the pilot must report:
- Points to Remember – Report vacated only when the entire aircraft has passed the runway holding position
- – The whole plane, from nose to tail, must be clear of the runway area
- – Crossing the holding position with just the nose is not sufficient to report vacated
Q18. A pilot’s report to Ground after landing and vacating the runway must include:
- Points to Remember – Report the current frequency being used
- – Identify the specific runway that was just vacated
- – Confirm clear exit from the active runway to assist Ground Control tracking
Q19. A visual approach can be requested by a pilot if:
- Points to Remember – Clear skies and visibility exceeding 3000 meters are required
- – The pilot must maintain continuous visual reference to the terrain
- – Success depends on visual contact rather than equipment like TCAS
Q20. In rapidly changing weather conditions, if weather is impractical to include in the ATIS, the ATIS will instruct pilots to obtain it via:
- Points to Remember – ATIS messages may exclude specific weather details if conditions change too rapidly to keep recordings updated
- – Pilots will be instructed to obtain the latest weather information directly from ATC
- – Communication for these updates is conducted via Radio Telephony (RTF)
Q21. The instruction TAXI TO HOLDING POINT A1, HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY 27 means the pilot must:
- Points to Remember – Hold short means to stop completely before reaching the specified runway
- – The pilot must taxi to the designated holding point and wait
- – Further clearance is required before entering or crossing the runway
Q22. A pilot is requested to maintain 2,000 feet on the Aerodrome Traffic Zone QFE. All references to the aircraft’s vertical position should be made in terms of its:
- Points to Remember – QFE refers to the atmospheric pressure at the aerodrome elevation
- – Flying on a QFE setting means the altimeter indicates height above the aerodrome
- – QNH is used to indicate altitude above mean sea level
- – Flight Levels are based on a standard pressure setting of 1013.2 hPa
Q23. The minimum ground visibility required for a Category A/B aircraft to request a visual approach is:
- Points to Remember – Category A and B aircraft are smaller and slower
- – A minimum ground visibility of 2800 meters is required for a visual approach
- – Larger, faster aircraft (Categories C and D) require more visibility due to decreased maneuverability
Q24. If ATC needs to cancel a take-off clearance after an aircraft has begun its roll, they will transmit:
- Points to Remember – ATC uses STOP IMMEDIATELY to cancel take-off after an aircraft has begun its roll
- – The instruction is repeated with the aircraft call sign to ensure absolute clarity
- – The word STOP is used because it is unmistakable and conveys high urgency
- – Standard phrases like cancel take-off are avoided as they may not be urgent enough for a rolling aircraft
Q25. The term PERSONS ON BOARD POB) must be reported to the aerodrome control tower when:
- Points to Remember – Report the number of persons on board (POB) when requesting start-up clearance
- – This information is critical for emergency planning and rescue services
- – Knowing the exact count ensures all individuals can be accounted for if an incident occurs
Q26. The instruction REPORT READY FOR DEPARTURE means:
- Points to Remember – Notify ATC when the aircraft is fully prepared for takeoff
- – Ensure all pre-flight checks are complete and passengers are seated
- – ATC will integrate the aircraft into the traffic flow upon receiving this report
- – Do not call back until ready to line up and depart immediately
Q27. The instruction CONTINUE APPROACH given on final:
- Points to Remember – Continue approach is not a landing clearance
- – It instructs the aircraft to continue the approach while waiting for further instructions
- – The specific clearance “Cleared to land” must be received separately before landing
- – Final permission to land is still required after this instruction
Q28. The aircraft reports LONG FINAL, it is typically at what distance?
- Points to Remember – Long final typically means the aircraft is about 8 nautical miles from the runway
- – A regular final report is usually made at about 4 nautical miles
- – This report informs ATC that the pilot is lined up but still a significant distance away
- – It allows ATC more time to manage other traffic before the aircraft lands
Q29. The purpose of a PRE-FLIGHT RADIO CHECK is to:
- Points to Remember – Verify the radio is functioning correctly before flight
- – Test the ability to both transmit and receive properly
- – Ensure clear communication for safety during the flight
Q30. A pilot is instructed to HOLD direction) OF position). This is an instruction to:
- Points to Remember – Stay at a specific spot relative to a named landmark
- – Position yourself in the specified direction from the point
- – Examples include instructions like Hold North of Taxiway Bravo
- – Stop and wait at that designated location
Q31. A LOW APPROACH request by a pilot is an approach where the aircraft:
- Points to Remember – Pilot flies close to the runway at a specified low altitude
- – Aircraft climbs away without touching the ground or landing
- – Used for practice maneuvers or inspecting runway conditions
- – Similar to a bird swooping low before flying back up
Q32. When a vehicle driver requests to tow an aircraft, they should state:
- Points to Remember – Identify the aircraft being towed rather than the towing vehicle
- – Specify the aircraft type and the airline operator
- – Ensure ATC is aware of the specific asset moving on the airport surface
Q33. A Cat D aircraft requires a minimum ground visibility of [___] for a visual approach.
- Points to Remember – Category D aircraft require a minimum ground visibility of 3600 meters for visual approaches
- – Higher speeds and larger sizes necessitate greater visibility for pilots to see further ahead
- – Visibility requirements vary by category: 2800m for Cat A/B and 3200m for Cat C
Q34. A pilot receiving the instruction CLIMB VIA SID is expected to:
- Points to Remember – Follow all altitude and speed restrictions published on the Standard Instrument Departure chart
- – Adhere to the climb profile as written on the navigation chart
- – Complete every step of the procedure unless specifically instructed otherwise by ATC
Q35. A conditional clearance, such as BEHIND LANDING BOEING 737, LINE UP BEHIND, can only be used if:
- Points to Remember – A conditional clearance depends on another specific aircraft
- – Both the air traffic controller and the pilot must have the other aircraft in sight
- – The clearance cannot be used if either party cannot see the subject aircraft
- – The condition must be clearly identifiable, such as waiting for a specific plane to pass before proceeding
Q36. An aircraft instructed to ADJUST DOWNWIND is being asked to:
- Points to Remember – ATC uses the instruction to create proper spacing between aircraft
- – The pilot must modify the length of the downwind leg
- – Extend the leg if there is too little space
- – Shorten the leg if there is too much space
Q37. RTF TUNING CALL is given when?
- Points to Remember – A tuning call is made when radio contact quality is poor
- – It is used when a station can barely be heard or is having trouble hearing others
- – It allows both sides to adjust equipment for better reception
- – The goal is to improve the clarity of the communication signal
Q38. When a missed approach is initiated, the controller’s immediate priority is to keep transmissions:
- Points to Remember – Pilots are extremely busy with climbing, navigating, and configuring the aircraft during a missed approach
- – Controllers must keep radio transmissions short and minimal to avoid overwhelming the pilot
- – Initial focus is on allowing the pilot to concentrate on flying before providing further details
Q39. Unless instructed otherwise, an aircraft on an Instrument Flight Rules IFR) approach that initiates a missed approach is to carry out the:
- Points to Remember – Follow the missed approach procedure published on the approach chart
- – Deviate from the published procedure only if ATC provides different instructions
- – Use the pre-planned route to ensure safety and obstacle clearance
Q40. Controllers will not give taxi instructions to pilots until which phase is complete?
- Points to Remember – ATC waits for the landing roll to finish before providing taxi instructions
- – Pilots must focus entirely on slowing and controlling the aircraft during the landing roll
- – Early instructions are avoided to prevent dangerous distractions during a critical phase of flight
Q41. The correct phrase for a pilot to acknowledge a take-off clearance is:
- Points to Remember – Include the runway number and the specific clearance in your readback
- – Use your full call sign at the end of the transmission
- – Follow the format: RUNWAY [Number] CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF, [Call Sign]
- – Avoid using informal phrases like taking off for a formal readback
Q42. Which element of an ATC clearance is mandatory to read back when instructed to vacate and change frequency?
- Points to Remember – Read back both the instruction to vacate and the new frequency
- – Confirming these elements is essential for flight safety
- – Readbacks ensure ATC knows your intended path and next contact
- – Omitting these details can lead to confusion or hazardous situations
Q43. The instruction LINE UP AND WAIT is given to an aircraft to:
- Points to Remember – Enter the runway and get into position for departure
- – Remain in position and do not begin the take-off roll
- – Wait for a specific take-off clearance from Air Traffic Control
Q44. An aircraft’s Air Traffic Information Service ATIS) provides:
- Points to Remember – ATIS is a continuous broadcast of recorded aeronautical information
- – Provides arriving and departing pilots with routine information like weather and runway in use
- – Reduces frequency congestion by allowing pilots to get basics before contacting ATC
- – Each updated broadcast is identified by a sequential code letter like Information Alpha
Q45. The instruction PROCEED instead of TAXI is used when communicating with:
- Points to Remember – Use TAXI exclusively for aircraft moving under their own power
- – Use PROCEED for all airport vehicles, including cars and trucks
- – Maintain this distinction to prevent confusion between aircraft and vehicle instructions
Q46. If a runway only has a circling approach, the minimum required ground visibility for a visual approach must be at least:
- Points to Remember – A circling approach requires the pilot to maneuver around the airport to align with the runway
- – The minimum ground visibility required is 5 km
- – High visibility is necessary for the pilot to keep the airport and terrain in sight while maneuvering
- – This requirement ensures safety during non-straight-in landings, similar to needing more visibility for a U-turn than driving straight
Q47. The highest cloud base generally included in an ATIS broadcast is:
- Points to Remember – ATIS reports include cloud information up to a height of 10,000 feet
- – This altitude range covers the conditions most critical for arriving and departing aircraft
- – Clouds above 10,000 feet are typically excluded as they do not significantly impact airport operations
Q48. The instruction MAKE STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH, RUNWAY 27 is issued when:
- Points to Remember – Aircraft flies directly to the runway without following the standard circuit pattern
- – Skips the downwind, base, and final legs of the pattern
- – Issued when the aircraft is already aligned with the runway from a distance
- – Acts as a shortcut to the runway instead of flying the full pattern
Q49. The Minimum Safe Altitude Warning MSAW) is a system that:
- Points to Remember – MSAW is a warning system designed for controllers rather than pilots
- – It alerts the controller when an aircraft is dangerously close to terrain on radar
- – The controller is responsible for warning the pilot once an alert is triggered
- – It functions as a safety monitor to prevent aircraft from flying too low near obstacles or mountains
Q50. The phraseology used by a pilot to initiate a Missed Approach is:
- Points to Remember – Pilots use the phrase GOING AROUND to initiate a missed approach
- – This standard phrase is recognized worldwide for clarity and simplicity
- – It signals that the landing is cancelled and the aircraft is climbing away
Q51. When no ATIS is available, what information is included in the departure information provided by ATC?
- Points to Remember – ATC provides essential weather and operational details when ATIS is unavailable
- – Information includes the runway in use and current wind conditions
- – Pilots receive pressure settings such as QNH or QFE
- – Data on air temperature and visibility range is also provided
Q52. A pilot may request a visual approach only if the runway is in sight and which other condition is met?
- Points to Remember – Maintain visual reference to the terrain throughout the approach
- – Ensure the ability to see and avoid obstacles
- – Keep both the destination and the path ahead in sight
Q53. After landing, a pilot is instructed: VACATE LEFT, WHEN VACATED CONTACT GROUND 121.9. The pilot should contact Ground Control:
- Points to Remember – Wait until the entire aircraft has passed the runway holding position
- – The holding position marks the boundary where the runway area ends
- – Only switch to the Ground frequency once the runway is completely clear
Q54. A pilot requests permission to start engines. Which is the correct ATC response to indicate a delay?
- Points to Remember – Use the phrase EXPECT START UP AT followed by the specific time
- – Avoid using vague terms like wait
- – Provide a clear time for the pilot to plan their engine start
Q55. What is the meaning of a steady red light signal from the control tower?
- Points to Remember – A steady red light signal from the control tower simply means stop
- – It applies to aircraft and vehicles both in the air and on the ground
- – Personnel must hold their current position and cease movement immediately
Q56. A TOUCH AND GO maneuver involves:
- Points to Remember – Aircraft lands on the runway and continues rolling without stopping
- – Pilot immediately initiates a takeoff following the landing
- – Primarily used in pilot training to practice landings and takeoffs efficiently
Q57. Any significant change to the current ATIS information must be passed to pilots directly via RTF until:
- Points to Remember – ATC must communicate significant changes like runway or weather updates directly via radio
- – Direct radio communication continues until a new ATIS recording is prepared
- – Pilots transition to listening to the broadcast once the updated ATIS is active
Q58. An aircraft classified as heavy must include the word HEAVY in its call sign:
- Points to Remember – Heavy aircraft create dangerous wake turbulence that affects other pilots
- – The word HEAVY must be included in the call sign during the first call to each new ATS unit
- – Subsequent calls to the same unit do not require the word HEAVY
- – Initial contact ensures all nearby aircraft are aware of a large aircraft’s presence
Q59. The phrase CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE is used to warn pilots of:
- Points to Remember – Wake turbulence is the invisible spinning air left behind by an aircraft’s wings
- – ATC issues the warning for dangerous swirling air from heavy or medium aircraft
- – The turbulence is created by aircraft that have recently departed or landed
- – It acts like the wake of a big ship and can significantly affect smaller aircraft
Q60. The term CAVOK in a meteorological report implies which conditions?
- Points to Remember – Visibility is 10 kilometers or more
- – No clouds exist below 5,000 feet or the highest minimum sector altitude
- – No significant weather phenomena such as precipitation or thunderstorms are present
